What Types of Damages Are Awarded for Personal Injury Cases in New York?
Damages are typically divided into three categories: economic, non-economic, and punitive.
Economic Damages
Economic damages are intended to compensate the victim for the financial losses they’ve suffered due to the accident. These damages can be easily calculated by determining the actual cost of the expenses incurred. Examples of economic damages include:
- Medical bills
- Lost wages
- The cost of nursing or personal care
- Travel expenses for medical appointments
- The cost of physical, occupational, and vocational therapies
In cases where the victim has sustained a permanent injury, they may also be entitled to future economic damages. Future monetary damages account for the long-term impact of the injury on the victim’s earning potential, the need for ongoing medical or nursing care, and any other related expenses. Expert witnesses are often involved in valuing future economic damages.
Non-Economic Damages
Non-economic damages are more challenging to calculate as they represent the victim's intangible losses and emotional impact. These damages are subjective and tend to vary from case to case. A few examples of non-economic injuries include, but aren't limited to, the following:
- Emotional distress
- Physical discomfort
- Mental anguish
- Scarring and disfigurement
- Disabilities and impairments
- Loss of quality and enjoyment of life
While New York doesn’t have a standard formula for calculating non-economic damages, insurance companies and courts commonly use the multiplier method. This involves multiplying the amount of economic damages by a number between 1.5 and five, depending on the severity of the injuries and other factors.
Punitive Damages
Punitive damages serve a different purpose than economic and non-economic damages. Unlike compensatory damages, which aim to reimburse the victim, punitive damages punish the at-fault party for their egregious behavior. These damages are only awarded in cases where the defendant's actions demonstrate gross negligence or willful misconduct.
The purpose of punitive damages is to deter the defendant and others from engaging in similar behavior in the future.
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